Organic chemistary

               FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

INTRODUCTION:

                        It depend on two factors.

organic 

inorganic

          organic:

                  it consist of living things like plant, animals etc.

         inorganic:

                 It based on non-living things or materials.

                     SOME FEATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

1.peculiar Nature of carbon

2.Non-ionic Character of Organic Compounds

3.Similarity inBehaviour

4.Complexity of Organic Compounds

5.Isomerism 

6.Rates of Organic Reaction

7.Solubility

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Some feature of organic compounds:

 Peculiar Nature of Carbon:

                    carbon forms a large number of compounds. These 

 are millions of organic compounds knows at present.The main 

reason for such a large number of compounds is its unique 

property of linking with other carbon atoms to form long chains 

or rings.This self linking property of carbon is called  

catenation.Carbon also forms stable single and multiple bonds 

with other atoms like oxygen,nitrogen and sulphur

,etc. 

Non-ionic Character of Prganic Compounds:

organic comppounds are generally covalent

compounds,therefore,donot give ionic reactions.

Similarity in Behaviour:

 These exists a close rlatonship between different organic 

compounds.This is exempllified by the existence of homologous 

series. This similarity in behaviour has reduced the millions of 

compounds to only a few homologous series.

Conlexity of Organic Compounds:

Organic molecules are usually large and structurally more 

complex.For example, starch has the formila (C6H12O5)n  

Where n may be several thousands.Proteins are very complex 

molecules haing molecular masses ranging from a few 

rhousands to a million.

Isomerism:

               isomerism is very commomn phenommon in organic 

compounds.Very often more than one compounds are 

represented by the same molecular formula.How ever,they 

have different structural formilas. 

Rates of Organic Reactions:

       The reactions invlving organic compoumds are slow and in 

general the yields are low. The slow rate of the organic reations 

is due to the molecular nature ao organic compounds. 

Solubility:

            Most organic compounds are insoluble in water and 

dissolve readily in non-polar organic solvents,such as, 

benzene,peroleum ether,etc. 

            SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

1coal 

2 nature gas 

3Petroleum

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